Carregando mapa...
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Tel: (38) 3623-1042/ 3613-1334
Endereço sede: Rodovia MG 135, Praça principal s/n. Januária / Minas Gerais
O Parque Nacional Cavernas do Peruaçu localiza-se no norte do estado de Minas Gerais, nos municípios de Itacarambi, Januária e São João das Missões.
Por transporte terrestre, a Unidade de Conservação localiza-se a 45 quilômetros de Januária, 42 quilômetros de São João das Missões e cerca de 400 quilômetros de Brasília.
Por via aérea, há voos regionais para Montes Claros (a 210 quilômetros do Parque) e voos internacionais para Belo Horizonte (650 quilômetros).
Criado em 1999, o Parque continua fechado à visitação pública, apesar de já ter seu plano de manejo concluído e aprovado desde 2005. O parque pode ser acessado por cientistas com fins de pesquisa.
O Parque Nacional Cavernas do Peruaçu foi criado com objetivos conservacionistas, pautados na proteção integral do patrimônio natural e cultural com sítios arqueológicos na região. O objetivo da criação do Parque, conforme artigo 1º do Decreto de 21/09/99 é “proteger o patrimônio geológico e arqueológico, amostras representativas de cerrado, floresta estacional e demais formas de vegetação natural existentes, ecótonos e encraves entre estas formações, a fauna, as paisagens, os recursos hídricos, e os demais atributos bióticos e abióticos da região”.
O Parque Nacional tem como objetivo básico a preservação de ecossistemas naturais de grande relevância ecológica e beleza cênica, possibilitando a realização de pesquisas científicas e o desenvolvimento de atividades de educação ambiental e recreação em contato com a natureza, assim como turismo ecológico.
Há registro da presença humana no vale há cerca de 11.000 anos. Pesquisadores da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) encontraram amostras de esqueletos humanos na região. A origem do nome Peruaçu remete-se aos índios Xacriabá, habitantes da região que faziam referência à fenda ou buraco (Peru) muito grande (Açu)”.
A região do Parque era anteriormente denominada Fazenda Retiro/Morro do Angú. A UC foi criada a partir de um acordo celebrado entre o Ministério Público Federal (MPF) e a Fiat Automóveis, em 1997. Naquela ocasião, o MPF pleiteou e obteve da montadora compromisso de aquisição de seis mil hectares de terras localizadas na área da APA Cavernas do Peruaçu, um dos mais importantes sítios arqueológicos do mundo, para montagem da infraestrutura necessária à criação de um Parque Nacional. O parque funcionaria como uma compensação ambiental por danos decorrentes de irregularidades nos veículos produzidos e comercializados pela Fiat.
Em setembro de 1999, o parque foi oficializado por decreto federal. No entanto, passados mais de 10 anos da assinatura do acordo, a nova UC ainda não saiu efetivamente do papel.
Após diversas rodadas de negociações, em junho de 2010, o MPF, o ICMBio e a empresa Fiat chegaram a um acordo com a imposição de novas medidas a serem cumpridas. Foi estabelecido um cronograma para elaboração dos projetos de infraestrutura e execução de todas as obras necessárias à conclusão do processo de implementação do Parque.
O Parque Nacional Cavernas do Peruaçu abriga mais de 140 cavernas, mais de 80 sítios arqueológicos e pinturas rupestres e, nas proximidades, localiza-se a Reserva Indígena Xacriabá.
O Parque Nacional concentra uma rica biodiversidade e um patrimônio espeleológico nos biomas Cerrado e Caatinga. As nascentes do rio Peruaçu fazem parte da área do Chapadão das Gerais, que deságuam na bacia do rio São Francisco.
O rio Peruaçu é divisor natural dos municípios de Januária e Itacarambi, e sua bacia hidrográfica abrange os territórios dos municípios de São João das Missões, Cônego Marinho e Bonito de Minas.
As nascentes do rio Peruaçu fazem parte da área do Chapadão das Gerais e o vale do Peruaçu esta inserido na região semi-árida, englobada pelo Polígono das Secas.
A UC contém um número significativo de espécies que constam da lista brasileira de ameaçadas de extinção.
A região apresenta um clima tropical semi-árido, com temperatura média anual de 24ºC. Entre outubro e abril ocorrem as maiores precipitações.
Em relação à umidade relativa do ar, os valores situam-se na casa dos 70%, devido à localização da UC mais ao Norte do estado.
O relevo apresenta uma variedade de formações, com regiões de campo limpo ou pastagem cultivada próximos a encostas, cavernas e margens dos corpos d’água presentes na UC.
A fauna tem um destaque especial para as aves com mais de 250 espécies são encontradas na região do parque – a maritaca, a seriema, a maria-preta, o arapaçu e o beija-flor-de-asa-de-sabre.
Outros representantes da fauna local são o veado-mateiro, a jaguatirica, mocó, mico-estrela, tatu, capivara, lobo-guará e lagarto teiú.
Existe o registro de 39 espécies de fauna ameaçadas de extinção.
Na vegetação, destacam-se a aroeira do sertão, a braúna, o pau-santo, a cabiúna-do-cerrado, o murici, o jatobá e o pequizeiro.
São 1.072 espécies vegetais: um extinta em Minas Gerais, um em perigo de extinção, seis vulneráveis e 11 presumivelmente ameaçadas, além de espécies raras e desconhecidas.
O Parque situa-se em um área ocupada por formações de Floresta Decidual Estacional Montana, Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, Savana Arborizada e áreas de tensão ecológica entre Savana Estépica e Floresta Estacional.
Por se tratar de uma região de transição entre dois biomas, a UC tem grande diversidade e complexidade de ambientes, favorecendo uma fauna diversificada.
Entre os problemas identificados estão a existência de áreas não indenizadas no interior da UC, ação do fogo, desmatamento, caça e pesca, assim como ausência de pessoal e estrutura para fiscalização em especial em razão do uso descontrolado dos recursos naturais. A área é endêmica de leishmaniose e esquistossomose.
A área apresenta a oportunidade de ser criada uma gestão participativa e de haver um uso público do Parque com potencial para turismo nos biomas Caatinga e Cerrado.
Os trâmites de regularização fundiária ainda seguem em andamento. Um levantamento constante no Plano de Manejo indica que toda a área do parque e seu entorno imediato são de domínio privado. A existência de moradores sem comprovação de propriedade da terra bem como a presença de invasores na área do Parque torna a situação fundiária problemática. Há um grande número de pequenas propriedades rurais no limite próximo do PNCP, bem como latifúndios e uma terra indígena da etnia Xacriabá que contabiliza uma população de 7.665 índios agrupados em 27 aldeias e 25 sub-aldeias.
Existem outras atividades divergentes com o propósito de conservação do Parque, como a presença de caçadores, os pequenos produtores rurais que tem o hábito de incendiar as terras para manejo agropecuário ( tanto para renovação de pasto como a limpeza de área para cultivo).
Plano de combate a incêndios, Março de 2007
www.ibama.gov.br/phocadownload/category/44-p?download=2331
Plano de Manejo Parque Nacional Cavernas do Peruaçu (Minas Gerais, Brasil)
www.ekosbrasil.org/media/file/peruacu.pdf
